风水学:中华豪门—风水学·古建筑设计的基本思想
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建筑对于人类来讲地位和作用是不言而喻的，它不仅是居住的砖瓦结构体，更是自然环境与人类文明的艺术结晶风水学。中国古建筑融合了道家思想，讲究“天人合一”，追求人与自然的和谐统一。这也直接影响人们传统的居住观，人为营造的环境应与自然环境和谐相处。此外，加上传统宗教色彩和民族信仰，慢慢演变成了中国古建筑中的风水学讲。
The status and role of architecture for human beings is selfevident. It is not only a residential brick and tile structure, but also an artistic crystallization of natural environment and human civilization. Chinese ancient buildings integrate Taoist ideas, emphasize the "unity of heaven and man", and pursue the harmonious unity of man and nature.
很多人认为风水是玄学的一种，就像玄学一样生涩难懂，十分神秘，但其实不然，风水学早在先秦时就出现了，从历史到房间布置，都有风水的影子，尤其对中国建筑活动产生了极为广泛的影响风水学。
Many people think that Feng Shui is a kind of metaphysics, which is as obscure and mysterious as metaphysics. But in fact, it is not. Feng Shui appeared as early as the pre Qin Dynasty. From history to room layout, it has a shadow of Feng Shui, especially having a very wide impact on Chinese architectural activities.
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在中国古代传统的风水观念里，自然与人是相互感应并相通的，城市的选址与布局与天文，自然，气象组成一个循环的景观系统，这也是中国古代风水文化的最高原则风水学。所以讲，中国风水术实际上是一种景观建筑学。
In the traditional geomantic concept of ancient China, nature and people are mutually responsive and interlinked. The location and layout of cities, astronomy, nature and meteorology form a circular landscape system...Therefore, Chinese geomancy is actually a kind of landscape architecture.
中国风水术风水学，是中国术数文化的一个重要分支它积累和发展了先民相地实践的丰富经验，承继了巫术占卜的迷信传统，糅合了阴阳、五行、四象、八卦的哲理学讲，附会了龙脉、明堂、生气、穴位等形法术语...
Chinese geomantic omen is an important branch of Chinese art and numeral culture. It has accumulated and developed the rich experience of our ancestors, inherited the superstitious tradition of witchcraft and divination.
通过审察山川形势、地理脉络、时空经纬，以择定吉利的聚落和建筑的基址、布局风水学。通俗的讲就是选择好地方，居于此处，能助人事兴旺、发财，可令后代富贵、显达，富贵无比；可致后代鹏程万里、福禄延绵，国有国运，城有城运。
In popular terms, choosing a good place to live here can help people prosper and make money, and make future generations rich and noble; It can make future generations have a long and prosperous future. The stateowned country has good luck, and the city has good luck.
那好的风水宝地是如何构成的呢，风水宝地要求“四象毕备”，并且还要讲究觅龙、察砂、观水等风水学。《阳宅十书》讲：“人之居处，宜以大地山河为主，其来脉气势最大，关系富，最为切要。”
How does a good geomantic omen treasure land consist of? Geomantic omen treasure land requires "four signs" and pays attention to finding dragons, observing sand and watching water. "
北京城无论是选址还是布局都是中国风水学的典型案例风水学。北京城建在大干龙顿首之处，明堂开阔,山环水抱，是名副其实的风水宝地。当然除了北京城这个风水宝地外，中国还有“虎踞龙盘”的南京城。
Beijing is a typical case of Chinese geomantic omen in both site selection and layout. The city of Beijing is built at the head of the Dagan dragon. With open bright halls and surrounded by mountains and waters, it is a veritable geomantic treasure land.
“钟山风雨起苍黄，百万雄师过大江风水学。虎踞龙盘今胜昔，天翻地覆慨而慷。”这是毛泽东主席在《人民解放军占领南京》中的诗句。“虎踞龙盘”是历代风水大师对南京风水的概括。这句话最早是诸葛亮讲的，＂钟山龙盘，石头虎踞，此帝王之宅”。
"The wind and rain on Zhongshan have turned yellow, and millions of heroes have crossed the river. The tiger sits on the dragon's plate, and the present is better than the past. The earth is overturned and generous." This is a poem by Chairman Mao Zedong in the people's Liberation Army's occupation of Nanjing.
南京在历史上曾经有东吴、东晋、宋、齐、梁、陈、南唐、明朝、太平天国、国民政府在此定都，确实是帝王之宅，所以，南京有“六朝故都”的称谓风水学。不过，从历史上看，在这里定都的都是短命王朝（明朝迁址），可见被们称为“神仙”的诸葛亮也有看走眼的时候。
In history, Nanjing was once the capital of the eastern Wu, Eastern Jin, song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Southern Tang, Ming, Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and the national government. It is indeed the residence of the emperor. Therefore, Nanjing has the title of "the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties".
南京为什么会有如此的宿命呢？在风水上这是有原因的风水学。住宅和城市的选址，一般来讲，东侧的地标物得高于西侧才被视为吉祥。如果反过来，西高东低就被称为白虎凶煞，是一种不祥的风水格局。
Why does Nanjing have such a fate? There is a reason for this in Feng Shui. Generally speaking, the landmark on the east side must be higher than that on the west side to be regarded as auspicious for the location of residential buildings and cities. On the other hand, if it is high in the West and low in the East, it is called white tiger evil, which is an ominous geomantic pattern.
从南京的地形上看：南京的西面有个清凉山，这里就是以前的石头城，由于清凉山像蹲着的老虎，因此才有“石头虎踞”的讲法风水学。东面有钟山，像盘曲的卧龙。这就是南京＂虎踞龙盘”的来历，这种山水形势已经被现代城市建筑所淹没，很难看出来。但从《古南京山水形势图》中可以很清楚地看出来。
From the topography of Nanjing, there is a cool mountain in the west of Nanjing. This is the stone city in the past. Because the cool mountain looks like a crouching tiger, there is a saying of "Stone Tiger crouching". In the East, there is Zhongshan, like a winding Wolong.
除了钟山和清凉山，南京四周还有一些高低不一样的山风水学。西南边，东北头有石头山，往下有马鞍山、四望山、卢龙山；北边有富贵山、覆舟山、鸡笼山。
In addition to Zhongshan and Qingliang mountains, there are also some mountains with different heights around Nanjing. In the southwest, there is Shitou mountain in the northeast, and Maanshan, Siwang mountain and Lulong mountain in the lower part; In the north, there are Fugui mountain, Fuzhou mountain and Jilong mountain.
从大形势上看，中国的干龙自西而发，蜿蜒向东，其势是自西向东风水学。南京西边的大别山算是中国三大干龙中的中龙，它到达安徽中部后潜入平地，化为长江继续蜿蜒向东。
From the perspective of the general situation, China's dry dragon starts from the West and winds to the East, with a tendency from west to East. The Dabie Mountain to the west of Nanjing is one of the three major dry dragons in China.
从地理形势上看，南京的风水以钟山为主山，左清凉山、右老虎山环抱，钟山是坐东朝西风水学。其势与中国大干龙的势恰好相反。如果钟山勉强算得上是南京的龙脉主山，其根基很浅。钟山基本是一个圆盘状的独立山体，脉短根浅，没有源远流长、厚实可靠的龙脉根基。
From the perspective of geographical situation, the fengshui of Nanjing is dominated by Zhongshan, surrounded by Qingliang mountain on the left and tiger mountain on the right. Zhongshan faces west from the East.
风水要求山环水抱、朝案有情，而南京城的石头山算得上是钟山的朝案，却是斜水而去，没有形成朝拱的格局风水学。有这样的山水格局，也就难怪南京“短命都城”的命运了。
Geomantic omen requires mountains to be surrounded by water and the court case to be affectionate. However, the stone mountain in Nanjing can be regarded as the court case of Zhongshan Mountain, but it slants away from the water and does not form a pattern of court arch. With such a landscape pattern, it is no wonder that Nanjing is the "shortlived capital".
中国的风水学已有两千多年，它实际上是地球物理学、水文地质学、宇宙星体学、气象学、环境景观学、建筑学、生态学以及人体生命信息学等多种学科综合一体的一门自然科学风水学。
Geomantic omen in China has existed for more than 2000 years. In fact, it is a natural science integrating geophysics, hydrogeology, astrology, meteorology, environmental landscape, architecture, ecology and human life informatics.
风水学是历经那么多朝代、蕴含无数先人智慧的思想精髓风水学，更是我们中华儿女所要传承的历史文化！
Fengshui is the ideological essence that has gone through so many dynasties and contains the wisdom of countless ancestors. It is also the historical culture that our Chinese people want to inherit!
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