Chinese name and clan concept 中国人取名字（姓名）与宗族观念

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The surname was originally the symbol of the clan and the call of the group. As the saying goes, "the world surname × It's a family. "You can't write two in one stroke × Word "Lai". There are socalled "family names" in Chinese names. Clan name is not only the identification symbol within the clan group, but also the identification representation of external communication, but also the image embodiment of clan structure order. Family names often link generations with the form of names and make corresponding provisions to reflect human relations. The most common way to form family names is to specify the word of generation order, and use the corresponding word of generation order when naming (double name) or before or after.

The Kong family, the first clan in China, stipulated that the first word of the family name was the chronological word, such as Zhao, Xian, Qing, fan, Xiang, Ling, de and Wei, so it was named Zhaohuan, Xian Pei, Qing Rong, fan Hao, Xiang Ke and Ling Yi. Decheng, de Mao and De Lin in the 77th and Weiyi and wei'e in the 78th. In addition, the method is to specify the side of a single name. For example, in a dream of Red Mansions, the Jia family stipulates that Wen, Yu and Cao are the side of the generation order. The generation of Wen includes Jia amnesty, Jia Zheng and Daiyu's mother Jia Min, the generation of Yu includes Baoyu, Jia Lian, Jia Huan and Jia Zhu, and the generation of Cao includes Jia Lan, Jia Rong and Jia Qiang. The other is to specify the structure of single name words, so as to distinguish the generation order, such as Peng, Yan, Yu and Lin Cheng in the twoinone structure, and Xin, Sen, Miao, Jing and Yan in the threeinone structure.

In addition, some Chinese names also embody the concept of clan in content, showing the ideals and aspirations of inheriting the first, enlightening the later, respecting the Pope and extending the clan. Such names can often be seen in historical books, such as Guangzu, Shuzu, zezu, Jizu, xingzu, Shaozu, Yinzong, Jizong, Jingzong, Yaozong, Xiaozong, Xianzong, Jixian, Shaoxian, Yaoxian, Xiaoxian, heixian, Yanxian... There are many examples.

姓氏本来是宗族的标志，是群体的号召，俗语有：“天下姓×的是一家”，“一笔写不出两个×字来”。中国人名中有所谓“族名”。族名既是宗族集团内部的认同标志，也是外部交往时的识别表征，还是宗族结构秩序的形象体现。族名往往将辈份与名的形式联系起来，做出相应的规定，以此来体现人伦关系。最常见的族名构成方法是规定辈序用字，取名（双名）时或前或后，用相应的辈序字。

　　中国第一宗族孔氏家族就规定族名的前一字为辈序字，诸如昭、宪、庆、繁、祥、令、德、维，以此取名为昭焕、宪培、庆镕、繁灏、祥珂、令贻，七十七世的有德成、德懋、德邻，七十八世的有维益、维鄂。此外的方法是规定单名的偏旁，如《红楼梦》贾府就规定文、玉、草为辈序偏旁，文字辈的人有贾赦、贾政以及黛玉母亲贾敏，玉字辈的有宝玉、贾琏、贾环、贾珠等，草字辈的有贾兰、贾蓉、贾蔷等。另一种是规定单名用字的结构，以此区别辈序，如合二而一结构式的朋、炎、羽、林成一辈，合三而一结构式的鑫、森、淼、晶、焱为一辈。

　　此外，中国人的一些名字也从内容上体现着宗族观念，流露出承先、启后、敬宗、延族的理想和愿望。史书上常可见到这样的名字，诸如光祖、述祖、则祖、继祖、兴祖、绍祖、胤宗、继宗、敬宗、耀宗、孝宗、显宗、继先、绍先、耀先、孝先、嗣先、延先……不胜枚举。

Chinese name and clan concept 中国人取名字（姓名）与宗族观念

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